Study Guide 1-6

Lecture 1.6 Competencies and Study Guide

Cells and Chromosomes

Vocabulary

  • Ribosome
  • Cytoskeleton
  • Rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Lysosome
  • Peroxisome
  • Vacuole
  • Mitochondria
  • Chloroplast
  • Centromere
  • Telomere
  • Nucleosome
  • Chromatin
  • Histones
  • Solenoid fiber
  • Chromatid
  • Karyotype
  • Diploid
  • Haploid
  • Homologous chromosomes
  • Zygote
  • Blastula
  • Morula
  • Gastrula
  • Embryo
  • Fetus
  • Mitosis
  • Cytokinesis
  • Proliferation
  • Differentiation
  • Morphogenesis
  • Apoptosis

Competencies

  1. Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
  2. Describe the major anatomical structures of prokaryotic cells.
  3. Describe the major anatomical structures of eukaryotic cells.
  4. Compare and contrast plasma (cell) membranes with cell walls.
  5. Describe the major molecules out of which cells walls of different groups of organisms are made.
  6. Identify ribosomes in electron micrographs.
  7. State the basic function of ribosomes.
  8. Describe how DNA is packaged in prokaryotic cells.
  9. Describe the defining properties of eukaryotic cells.
  10. Identify various eukaryotic organelles in electron micrographs and “cartoon” drawings.
  11. State functions of various eukaryotic organelles.
  12. Describe how DNA is packaged in eukaryotic cells.
  13. Define chromatin, and explain how solenoid fibers are constructed from DNA and histone proteins.
  14. Describe the basic anatomy of a condensed chromosome, including its centromere, telomeres, arms and sister chromatids.
  15. Compare and contrast the concepts of sister chromatid and homolgous chromosome.
  16. Describe the basic pattern of a mammalian karyotype.
  17. Describe development of an animal from zygote to infant.
  18. Compare and contrast morula, blastula, gastrula, embryo and fetus.
  19. Describe the events of the cell cycle.
  20. Explain the function of the G1, G2 and metaphase checkpoints.
  21. Describe what happens to DNA in the S phase of the cell cycle.
  22. Define differentiation and explain how that process leads to the 200 different cell types composing the mammalian body.
  23. Describe how the process of apoptosis operates in the morphogenesis of the human hand.