Study Guide 4-3

Enzymes

Vocabulary

• Catalyst
• Enzyme
• Catalytic site
• Activation energy
• Oxidation
• Reduction
• Synthesis
• Chemosynthesis
• Photosynthesis

Competencies

1. Explain what happens to sucrose after it is ingested into the small intestine.
2. Explain the role of disaccharidase in that process, and express the sign of ΔG for that reaction.
3. Define enzyme.
4. Define catalyst.
5. Compare and contrast Gibbs free energy with activation energy.
6. Explain why a bag of sucrose you buy at the store does not become glucose and fructose by the time you use it in your home.
7. Explain how enzymes act as catalysts.
8. Define the catalytic site of an enzyme.
9. Describe how hexokinase looks and how it changes when it binds to glucose.
10. Describe the structural level at which this change occurs.
11. Describe an enzyme’s catalytic cycle.
12. Explain how hydrothermal vent ecosystems differ from other marine and terrestrial ecosystems.
13. Define oxidation and reduction, and explain them in terms of energy transfer.
14. Identify oxidation and reduction in chemical reaction equations by looking at transfer of O and H.
15. Define synthesis, and compare and contrast chemosynthesis and photosynthesis.
16. Write the equation for chemosynthesis used by archaeans (archaebacteria) living in hydrothermal vents.
17. Identify what is being oxidized and reduced in the chemosynthesis equation.
18. Explain how energy is transferred from the Earth’s heat to living things in hydrothermal vent ecosystems.